Glossary

Terminology

• mHealth: an abbreviation for mobile health, a term used for the practice of medicine and public health supported by mobile devices
• Encounter: having been at or below a distance from another person at the same time t during a period >= p
• Transmission tracing: mapping how the virus spreads; either through person-to-person transmission, or through environmental transmission
• Contact: an encounter that really resulted in close interaction between two or more people
• Cluster: concentration of people in a perimeter, or in a vehicle, either simultaneous or over time
• Point-of-Interest: a perimeter or building for which we want to monitor the visits
• Movements: movement of people between two points
• Path: a calculated route based on GPS measurements
• Visit: having been at a given point-of-interest, either in open sky or in a building
• Hotspot: Cluster with infections above a given threshold
• Exposure: Contact with a possibly infectious person, approximated through an encounter with an infectious subject
• Spreader: A subject who is the source or possible source of multiple infections. I.c. a person appearing in multiple Exposures and/or appearing in multiple Hotspots.

Expected outcomes

• Determine ‘encounters’, i.e. having been at or below a distance d from another person at the same time t during a period >= p.
  • Based on: movements paths crossing each other
  • Used for:
    • Giving context to BLE ‘encounters’
    • Determining who has had risk-full encounters
• Give context to encounters (open space, building, kind of activity, …)
• Determine ‘visits’, i.e. having been at a given point-of-interest, either in open sky or in a building.
  • Based on:
    • multiple location measurements in a perimeter/geofence
    • interruption of location measurements at a given location (entrance to a building)
  • Used for:
    • identifying possible locations where environmental transmission occurs
    • proxy for non-users in shops, kinder-garten, …
• Identifying clusters of people (either simultaneous or spread over time) over a given threshold of people per time lapse. These could evolve into Points-of-Interest.
  • ‘Shop’
  • ‘Provincial Domain’
  • ‘Neighborhood party’
  • Not: ‘Garden party’
• Identifying movements between Clusters.
  • With diagnostic data added
    • Identify exposures
    • Identify hotspots
    • Identify spreaders
  • Aggregated
    • A map of the spread of the infections

Constraints

• Personal data (ie data that are not strictly anonymous) can not leave the device, or a personal vault, without the consent of the user.
• Such consent should only be asked when there is a strong indication that the individual is infectious.

What is sufficient anonymisation of location data?

• place where home address can be suspected needs to be absent
• what about work place address?
• … (TBD) …

Definitions (see model)

• Transmission Tracing Types
  • Encounters, Visits, Movements and Symptoms
• Human Contact Tracing (HCT)
• Primary Care relationship
• Testing, Isolation, Quarantining Organisation
• Epidemiologic surveillance
• Research
• Autonomous Contact Tracing (ACT)
• Solution
  • The sum of processes and technologies (components, frameworks, hardware) that make up a …
• Scenario
  • A combination of solutions
• System
  • Set of applications, processes and conventions that fulfills a purpose. (example: Human Contact Tracing)
• Technology
  • Building blocks for building applications. (eg DP3T, Apple/Google framework, …)
• Accuracy
• Dependability
• Speed
• Interoperability
• Privacy